Small-scale farmers are individuals or families who own or operate small parcels of land dedicated to agricultural production. These farmers typically have limited access to resources such as land, capital, technology, and market opportunities, and often face challenges related to climate change, pests, and diseases. Research in small-scale farming focuses on understanding and addressing the unique needs and constraints faced by these farmers. This includes developing sustainable farming practices, improving access to resources and markets, and examining the impact of policies and interventions on small-scale farming communities. Overall, research in small-scale farming aims to enhance the productivity, resilience, and livelihoods of smallholder farmers, ultimately contributing to food security and poverty reduction in rural areas.